Compare Data Between Each Row?

There are 2 scenarios which need to be achieve as below:

1) I have bunch of raw data (consists of backup data results, normally 300K++ rows) every months. So now i want to compare between each rows(that the column with backup status failed), whereby it will search in 300k++ rows if there is any rerun of the failed backup (based on some condition i.e. same client server nameackup policy & most important the date must between backup windows (which need also some logic checking here i.e compare what will be the next day backup schedule time ). Once its meet this criteria, it will update the last or on 1 of the column of the source same row (i.e. =='Backup Success')

2)Once the above achieve, need also to run another checking (almost similar like above), but difference is the date checking, need to be more specific, i.e. i will add another columns (on each rows) to specify the specific date ime which the backup should Not be exceeds, and the the values also will be the to to update [it will update the last or on 1 of the column of the source same row (i.e. =='Backup Success')]